Servers: Just What Are They And Why Do We Need
Them!
Author: Robert Michael

Servers at Your Service

Servers are what make it possible for you to view what you wish
to view on the Internet. At its most basic level, what happens
when using servers is that browsers connect to servers,
requesting that a Web page be displayed. The servers then send
back the pages requested. Internet browsers are what form the
connections to Web servers that allow the page to be requested
and then received by the end user.

There are three parts to a Web page address, better known as a
URL. The first part of this URL is called a protocol. The first
part of the address is called the protocol. Http is a protocol
and stands for Hypertext transit protocol. The next part of the
URL tells you the name of the server. In
http://www.myWebSite.com , the server is MyWebSite. The file
name is something like web-server.htm, for example.

Browsers communicate with name servers to translate those
server names into IP (Internet Protocol) addresses, which is
the way they connect to the machine that is acting as the
server. Browsers connect by means of ports, all of which are
numbered. Port 80, for example, is a common port number.

Every machine has its own unique IP. These addresses are made
up of 32 bits, and are usually expressed in four groupings in a
dotted decimal number. These groupings are known as octets. An
example of an IP address written as an octet is 327.38.72.248 .


Servers have IP addresses that are static and seldom change. A
home computer getting online through its modem often has an IP
address that the ISP assigns when the machine gets online. The
IP address is unique only for that session, so it can change
each time the user uses it to get online. This is more
efficient for the ISP, as it only needs to have one address for
each machine that has dialed in, rather than saving a particular
IP for each machine.

After the HTTP protocol, the browser sends a request to the
server, called a GET request, which asks for the file. A GET
request can also send cookies from browsers to servers. The
next step is when the server sends the HTML text for that
requested Internet page back to the browser. The HTML tags then
read by the browser and subsequently format the page onto the
user's screen.

The Internet is made up of a huge collection of computers –
millions of them – that are all linked by one common computer
network. This computer network makes it possible for the
computers to all talk to each other. A home PC can be linked to
this Internet through dial up (a landline telephone carrier's
line), through DSL line, or a cable modem. All of these systems
communicate with an Internet Service Provider (ISP.)

Generally, organization or business computers are linked to
each other by means of a network so that they can share
information in-house back and forth. They do this by means of a
network interface card. This NIC then connects directly to a
local area network (LAN) that is housed within the organization
or business. This LAN is then connected to the associated ISP by
what is known as a T1 line, a very fast and powerful connection
to the servers.

ISPS connect to each other. The largest of these ISPs maintain
the backbone of the entire system across the region or perhaps
the country. This backbone is fiber optic. Through these fiber
optic lines, satellite links or undersea cable, various
backbones connect all over the globe. This is the way servers
and clients the world over connect all to each other.


About The Author: Robert Michael is a writer for
http://nhmxservers.com which is an excellent place to find
Server links, resources and articles. For more information go
to: Managed Servers